APES Chapter 6 vocab Essay Example

APES Chapter 6 vocab Essay Example APES Chapter 6 vocab Paper APES Chapter 6 vocab Paper cultural carrying capacity an optimum level that would allow most people to live in reasonable comfort and freedom without impairing the ability of the planet to sustain future generation population change calculated by subtracting the number of people leaving a population (through death and emmigration) from the number entering (through birth and immigration) during a specific period of time (usually a year) crude birth rate the number of live births per 1,000 people crude death rate the number of deaths per 1,000 people fertility rate the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime replacement-level fertility rate the average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves total fertility rate (TFR) the average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years infant mortality rate the number of children per 1,000 live births who die before one year of age life expectancy the average number of years an infant can expect to live age structure the distribution of males and females among age groups in a population demographic transition a hypothesis of population change. Involves four transitions (preindustrial, transitional, industrial, and postindustrial) preindustrial stage of demographic transition population grows very slowly because of a high birth rate and a high death rate transitional phase of demographic transition population grows rapidly because birth rates ate high and death rates drop industrial stage of demographic transition population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop postindustrial stage of demographic transition population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and then fall below death rates family planning provides educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them